Introduction -- Who are our EL students at-risk for or having a learning disability? ongoing problems with over- and under-representation in special education -- Culturally and linguistically responsive multi-tiered support systems for English learners: high-quality teaching practices across the tiers -- Culturally and linguistically responsive multi-tiered support systems for English learners: assessment across the tiers -- Effective instruction for English learner students with academic challenges in general and special education: collaborative program elements -- School-, district- and state-wide improvement: lessons from state manuals on dual identified students -- Using legal rights and responsibilities to promote effective programs and practices for EL students at-risk for or having a learning dis/ability -- Conclusion -- Appendix: collaborative problem-solving form.