Machine generated contents note: The ethnic landscape of Afghanistan -- The modern state and ethnic politics in Afghanistan -- War-centric and state-centric explanations -- The argument and approach of this book -- The structure of this book -- Ethnic and Tribal Politics in Transition from Empire to Statehood -- Introduction -- Transition from the Durrani empire to the kingdom of Kabul -- Internalisation of jehad and conquest -- The Hazaras and the Durrani rulers -- Conclusion -- State-Building, Violence and Rebellions: The Period of Amir Abdur Rahman Khan, 1880 -- 1901 -- Introduction -- State-building and rebellions -- Abdur Rahman Khan and the Hazaras the during the 1880s -- The Hazara War -- The aftermath of the conquest of Hazarajat -- Massacres and destructions in the course of the war -- Conclusion -- Introduction -- Continuity and ruptures in the historical trajectory of the Afghan State: 1901 -- 1978 -- Ethnic and national conceptions of nationhood -- The state and ethnic power relations in Hazarajat -- Shift from Hazaras' traditional local rebellion to modern national protest -- Conclusion -- The Rise and Fall of a Clerical Proto-state: Hazarajat, 1979 -- 1984 -- Introduction -- The origins of the Shura: A state within a state -- The Shura and emerging ideological and political conflicts among the Hazaras -- Civil and military structure of the Shura -- The Shura's diplomacy -- Conclusion -- At the Source of Factionalism and Civil War in Hazarajat, 1981 -- 1989 -- Introduction -- The first civil war within the clergy: Islamists versus traditionalists -- The second civil war: Islamists versus Islamists -- The rise of the military class and its destabilising role -- Conclusion -- The Shift from Internal Wars of Domination to National Struggles for Recognition: Hazaras and Ethnicisation of Politics and War in 1990s -- Introduction --tThe shift from internal Hazara politics to national politics: 1989 -- 1992 -- Hezb-e Wahdat and the Mujahedin government -- Taliban, re-conquest and centralisation -- Resistance or collaboration: 1998 -- 2001 -- Conclusion -- International Intervention, State-building and Ethnic Politics, 2001 -- 2016 -- Introduction -- The ideals and practices of ethnic and political pluralism, 2001 -- 2016 -- Responding to the opportunities of the post-2002 political order -- Rewarding violence in distribution of development assistance -- Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Revisiting the main argument of the book -- State-building as historical reconstruction -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.