Introduction. The rise of cultural nationalism and its musical expressions -- Music and national identity in Mexico, 1919-1940 / William H. Beezley -- La hora industrial vs. la hora intima : Mexican music and broadcast media before 1934 / Sonia Robles -- Guatemala national identity and popular music / William H. Beezley -- Cuban music : Afro-Cubanism / Alejo Carpentier -- An accidental hero [Cuban singer in the special period] / Jan Fairley -- Cuzcatlán (El Salvador) and Maria de Baratta's Nahualism / Robin Sacolick -- Cumandá : a leitmotiv in Ecuadorian operas? Musical nationalism and representation of indigenous people / Ketty Wong -- Dueling bandoneones : tango and folk music in Argentina's musical nationalism / Carolyne Ryan Larson -- Carnival as Brazil's tropical opera : resistance to Rio's samba in the carnivals of Recife and Salvador, 1960s-1970s / Jerry D. Metz Jr -- The opera Manchay Puytu : a cautionary tale regarding mestizos in twentieth-century highland Bolivia / E. Gabrielle Kuenzli -- Sounding modern identity in Mexican film / Janet Sturman and Jennifer Jenkins.