Noun : person, place, thing, idea, or activity -- Verb : word or phrase expressing action or state of being -- Pronoun : word used in place of a noun -- Modifiers : adjectives, adverbs, and compound modifiers -- Connecting words and phrases : prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections -- Phrases, clauses, and sentences -- Common sentence errors -- Periods, questions marks, and exclamation marks -- Commas, semicolons, and colons -- Dashes, parentheses, and quotations marks -- Idioms, clichés, jargon, slang, euphemisms, and wordiness -- How to begin a writing assignment -- How to research and organize your writing -- Writing : from introduction to conclusion -- Revising and editing -- Review questions -- Appendix. Frequently confused words.