Fundamental issues. Worldviews ; Truth ; Empirical facts and philosophical/conceptual facts ; Confirming and disconfirming evidence and reasoning ; The Quine-Duhem Thesis and implications for scientific method ; A pholosphical interlude : problems and puzzles of induction ; Falsifiability ; Instrumentalizm and realism -- The transition from the Aristotelian worldview to the Newtonian worldview. The structure of the universe on the Aristotelian worldview ; The preface to Ptolemy's Almagest : the earth as spherical, stationary, and at the center of the universe ; Astronomical data : the empirical facts ; Astronomical data : the philosophical/conceptual facts ; The Ptolemaic system ; The Copernican system ; The Tychonic system ; Kepler's system ; Galileo and the evidence from the telescope ; A summary of problems facing the Aristotelian worldview ; Philosphical and conceptual connections in the development of the new science ; Overview of the new science and the Newtonian worldview ; Philosphical interlude : what is a scintific law? The development of the Newtonian worldview, 1700-1900 -- Recent developments in science and worldview. The special theory of relativity ; The general theory of relativity ; Philosophical interlude : are (some) scientific theories incommensurable? ; Introduction to quantum theory : basic empirical facts and the mathematics of quantum theory ; The reality question : the measurement problem and interpretations of quantum theory ; Quantum theory and locality : EPR, Bell's Theorem, and the Aspect experiments ; Overview of the theory of evolution ; Reflections on evolution ; Worldview : concluding thoughts.