Series Foreword -- Foreword / Jim Bueermann -- 1. History and Oppressive Police Practice against Minorities -- Purpose of Police in the United States -- Modern American Police Scandals -- Psychology of Policing -- Psychology of Oppression -- Victims and Tools of Oppression -- Policy and Law -- 2. Police Culture, Misconduct, and Consent Decrees -- Psychology of Police Culture -- Psychology of Police Misconduct and Brutality -- The Internal Affairs Process -- Consent Decrees -- Community Policing-A Failed Attempt at Change -- Conclusion -- 3. The Psychology of Bias and Racism in Policing -- Psychology of Implicit Bias -- Threat Assessment by Policy-Does It Foster Implicit Bias? -- The Origins of Implicit Bias -- Psychological Testing and Bias -- Agency Policies and Affirmative Action -- Blacks and Women in Policing -- Conclusion -- 4. Police Decision-Making - Law, Policy, and Psychology -- The Law and Police Decision-Making -- Defining the Force Continuum/Decision Matrix -- Why Does an Officer Use Force? -- Factors Influencing Use of Force -- Use of Force-Physiological and Psychological Responses -- Violence Models in Response to Stimuli -- Conclusion -- 5. Deadly Force Decision-Making - Law, Policy and Training -- The Law and Deadly Force -- Three Categories of Police Shootings -- I Was in Fear for My Life -- Policy Privilege -- Black Hysteria -- Black and Policy = Anti-American -- Conclusion -- 6. Psychological Mind-Set and Militarization of American Policy Traditional Policy -- Changing Times: From Officer Friendly to a Warrior -- Psychology of Survival -- Presidential Order 13688 - Law Enforcement Acquires Military Equipment -- Conclusion -- 7. Twenty-First-Century Policing, Crime Control, or Quality Assurance -- Twenty-First-Century Policing Task Force -- Professionalism through Accreditation -- Quality Assurance in Policing -- The Psychology of Survival and Disconnect -- Conclusion -- 8. The Future and Recommendations for Change -- Resistance to Change -- Psychology of Cultural Change -- Social Work Mentality -- Building Blocks for Success - Trust and Communication -- Not a Police Problem Alone -- Conclusion -- 9. Closing Commentary: Stop Shouting, Start Listening -- Appendix: Chief's Letter to Agency Officers Regarding Surveys -- Index -- About the Author.