Photo Ark -- of beetles, people and zoos -- Introduction to applied ethics and zoos -- -- The modern zoo -- Definition of zoos -- The history of zoos -- Ownership models -- Quality of zoo operations -- Zoo animals -- Enclosure design and development -- Visitors -- Education -- Conservation -- Well-run modern zoos -- The moral disquiet with zoos -- Public commentary -- Non-government organizations and interest groups -- Book and publications -- Ethical discussions -- Moral consideration of animals -- Pressure to change -- Response to ethical concerns -- A case to be answered -- Animal welfare -- Current conception of animal welfare -- Pain and suffering -- The humane treatment principle -- The self-actualisation of animals -- Animal welfare in zoos -- Containing complex animals -- Positivie animal welfare in zoos -- Animal rights beyond welfare -- Animal rights -- Animal rights beyond welfare -- Animal rights and zoos -- Rights beyond welfare based on Interest Theory -- Consequentialism -- Consequentialism -- Consequentialism and zoos -- Experimental outcomes -- Increasing net value -- The consequences are positive -- Virtue theory -- Virtue theory -- Virtues and zoos -- Zoo people -- The great moral virtues and zoos -- Zoos and virtue ethics -- Environmental ethics -- Environmental ethics -- The extinction crisis -- Compassionate conservation -- Conservation zoos -- Challenges for zoos -- Preserving the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community -- To operate a zoo ethically -- taking dolphins from the wild -- Wider implications -- Future work -- Wicked problems --