Introduction: the classical world at war. War and warfare in ancient Greece / War and warfare in ancient Rome / Writers on war. Greece: winning ways in warfare / Rome: a story of conflict / The archaeology of war / Warfare and environment in the ancient world / The face of battle in the classical world. The classical Greek experience / The three thousand: Alexander's infantry guard / The Hellenistic experience with war: stagnation or development? / War and society in Greece / The rise of Rome / Imperial Rome at war / War and society in the Roman Empire / Impacts and techniques: war in the classical world. Men at war / Treating the sick and wounded / Keeping military discipline / The business of war: mercenaries / Logistics: sinews of war / War at sea / Arms and armor. Arming Greeks for battle / Arming Romans for battle / Greeks under siege: challenges, experiences, and emotions / Generalship: leadership and command / Finding the enemy: military intelligence / War and the horse / Horses for war: breeding and keeping a warhorse ; the development and training of cavalry in Greece and Rome ; Greek rituals of war / Roman rituals of war / Fighting the other. Greeks and Achaemenid Persians / the Germanic and Danubian transfrontier peoples / Military and society in Sasanian Iran / Case studies: the classical world at war. The Athenian expedition to Sicily / The Peloponnesian War and its sieges / Epaminondas at Leuctra, 371 B.C. / Demetrius "the Besieger" and Hellenistic warfare / The second Punic War / Roman warfare with Sasanian Persia / The legacy of war in the classical world