Overview of constitutional criminal procedure -- Introduction to the Fourth Amendment -- When does the Fourth Amendment apply? -- $t What does the Fourth Amendment require? The doctrine of justification -- Search and arrest warrants -- Warrantless searches and seizures -- The exclusionary rule : rationale, operation, and limitations -- The voluntariness standard -- The Miranda approach -- The Sixth Amendment "right to counsel" approach -- Other investigative procedures : eyewitness identification, bodily intrusions, examinations of physical attributes, entrapment, and "high-tech" and computer searches -- September 11, 2001, and its aftermath.