"Galilee of the Gentiles"? Hellenistic reform and Judean resistance ; Judeans in Galilee ; Encircled by Greek cities ; Conclusion ; Table one: important Hellenistic rulers and events ; Table two: the Maccabees and the Hasmoneans -- The Roman presence. Herod the Great and the imperial ideology ; Antipas and Philip: architecture, coinage, and cult ; Toward the first Jewish revolt and its immediate aftermath ; The Palestinian Jesus-followers and the fall of Jerusalem ; Rome and Judea between the revolts (70-135 C.E.) ; Table three: Roman rulers and the Jews -- Palestinian economy and society. Where to begin? Models and muddles ; The Hellenistic monarchies and economic change ; Economic realities and society in the Hasmonean state ; Jerusalem rediscovers its former glory ; Economy and society in Herod's Judea ; Galilean economy under Antipas -- Situating Jesus. Birth and infancy: the connection with the Baptist ; "Beginning in Galilee" ; Discerning Jesus' role ; The messianic deeds of Jesus ; "He was a wise man, a teacher of those who receive the truth gladly" ; Jesus and the future ; "Jerusalem, Jerusalem" ; Table four: Rome and the Christians -- The Jesus movement in Jerusalem and its later history. "He is risen, He is not here" ; The resurrection event and history ; Jerusalem as center for the Jesus movement ; Hebrews, Hellenists, and Stephen ; New horizons and identity formation ; Jesus-followers in Samaria? ; James the Just and the afterlife of the Hebraioi ; The martyrdom of James ; James the Just in three different guises ; Conclusion -- Remembering Jesus and broadening horizons in Galilee I : the sayings sources. A Galilean Christianity? ; Methodological considerations ; The Gospel of Thomas and Q ; Missionaries, householders, and village scribes ; Understanding Jesus and His mission: three issues ; What have we learned from the sayings traditions? -- Remembering Jesus and broadening horizons II : the Gospels of Mark and Matthew. Syria and Palestine in the late first century: a reprise ; Mark and Galilee: Jesus, Jews, and Gentiles ; Matthew and the better righteousness in "all Syria" -- Into the second century. Rome and the Christians in the second century ; Jews and Christians in the second century ; Christian heresies and the response of orthodoxy.