The biological/evolutionary roots of altruism -- Altruistic brain theory introduced -- Primary neuroscience research underlying each step of altruistic brain theory -- Neural and hormonal mechanisms that promote prosocial behaviors once the moral decision is made -- New neuroscience research : the theory's link to an ethical universal -- How altruistic brain theory changes our perceptions of ourselves and of altruism -- Why the altruistic brain matters : its significance to addressing individuals' bad behavior -- Multiplier effect : from bad to worse in a social setting -- No easy answers ... but no pessimism either.