Historical and theoretical perspectives on Muslim politics. Diversity of Muslim politics -- History and Muslim politics in northern Nigeria and Senegal: common origins, divergent orientations -- Social structure, organizations and Muslim public affairs. The Nigerian social structure, Muslim organizations, and Muslim politics in northern Nigeria -- Brotherhoods, social structure, and Muslim politics in Senegal -- The state, political institutions and Muslim politics. The weak state and Muslim politics in Nigeria -- The strong state and Muslim politics in Senegal -- Conclusion: the sociopolitical environment and diversity of Muslim politics.