v. 1. Institutions, politics, and process. Foundation, interpretation, and amendment of the Constitution -- Nature of the federal union -- Legislative powers over commerce, taxing, and spending -- Congress and the President -- Property rights and substantive due process -- Property rights and eminent domain -- State authority in a federal system -- Federal powers in foreign affairs -- The citizen and the political process -- v. 2. Civil rights and liberties. Creating the modern federal judiciary -- The First Amendment and religion -- Freedom of speech -- Free press and association, obscenity, pornography, commercial speech, and censorship -- Criminal due process -- The Eighth Amendment and cruel and unusual punishment -- Equal protection of the laws -- Privacy and reproductive rights -- State action.