The man who asked questions : Socrates and Plato -- True happiness : Aristotle -- We know nothing : Pyrrho -- The garden path : Epicurus -- Learning not to care : Epictetus, Cicero, Seneca -- Who is pulling our strings? : Augustine -- The consolation of philosophy : Boethius -- The perfect island : Anselm and Aquinas -- The fox and the lion : Niccolò Machiavelli -- Nasty, brutish, and short : Thomas Hobbes -- Could you be dreaming? : René Descartes -- Place your bets : Blaise Pascal -- The lens grinder : Baruch Spinoza -- The prince and the cobbler : John Locke and Thomas Reid -- The elephant in the room : George Berkeley (and John Locke) -- The best of all possible worlds? : Voltaire and Gottfried Leibniz -- The imaginary watchmaker : David Hume -- Born free : Jean-Jacques Rousseau -- Rose-tinted reality : Immanuel Kant (1) -- What if everyone did that? : Immanuel Kant (2) -- Practical bliss : Jeremy Bentham -- The owl of Minerva : Georg W.F. Hegel -- Glimpse of reality : Arthur Schopenhauer -- Space to grow : John Stuart Mill -- Unintelligent design : Charles Darwin -- Life's sacrifices : Søren Kierkegaard -- Workers of the world unite : Karl Marx -- So what? : C.S. Peirce and William James -- The death of God : Friedrich Nietzsche -- Thoughts in disguise : Sigmund Freud -- Is the present king of France bald? : Bertrand Russell -- Boo!/Hooray! A.J. Ayer -- The anguish of freedom : Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and Albert Camus -- Bewitched by language : Ludwig Wittgenstein -- The man who didn't ask questions : Hannah Arendt -- Learning from mistakes : Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn -- The runaway train and the unwanted violinist : Philippa Foot and Judith Jarvis Thomson -- Fairness through ignorance : John Rawls -- Can computers think? : Alan Turing and John Searle -- A modern gadfly : Peter Singer.