The science of chemistry Fields of chemistry The scientific method Measurements The International System of Units Length and mass Pressure and temperature

Significant figures Conversion factors and dimensional analysis Matter Pure substances Mixtures Chemical and physical changes Energy

Kinetic and potential energy Electromagnetic radiation and light Wave-particle duality Stoichiometry Dalton's atomic theory Atomic and formula masses

Empirical formula Percent composition Chemical equations The equation Stoichiometry calculations Limiting reagent, theoretical and percent yield

Enthalpy changes Atomic structure Historical background The modern atom The Bohr model of the atom The wave mechanical picture of the atom Quantum numbers

The electronic structure of atoms The periodic table Historical basis The modern periodic table Periodic trends The chemical bond Ionic bonding

Covalent bonding Lewis structures, resonance Bond polarity Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory Valence bond theory and hybridization Molecular orbitals

Gases The gaseous state The gas laws The ideal gas law The kinetic molecular theory Deviations from ideal behavior Solids, liquids, and phase transitions

The solid state The structure of solids The liquid state Intermolecular forces Classification of solids Phase diagrams Solutions

The dissolving process Solubility Concentration expressions Concentration calculations Net ionic equations Solution stoichiometry Colligative properties

Chemical equilibrium The law of chemical equilibrium The magnitude of the equilibrium constant Le Chatelier's principle Heterogeneous equilibria Acids and bases

Classification of acids and bases Equilibria involving acids and bases Acid strength Equilibrium calculations The pH scale Reactions of acids and bases

Titration reactions Buffer solutions Thermodynamics The first law of thermodynamics Entropy Free energy and spontaneity Free energy and temperature

Free energy and equilibrium Chemical kinetics The rates of chemical reactions Time dependence of reactant concentrations Temperature dependence of reaction rate

Reaction mechanism Oxidation-reduction reactions and electrochemistry Oxidation states Oxidation-reduction reactions Balancing oxidation-reduction equations

Galvanic electrochemical cells Standard half-cell potentials Spontaneity of oxidation-reduction reactions The Nernst equation Electrolytic cells Organic chemistry

Alkenes and alkynes Aromatic hydrocarbons Functional groups Isomers and optical activity Sports Medicine

The Skeletal Dysplasias Metabolic Bone Disease / Environmental Health Hazards Laboratory Medicine, Drug Therapy, and Reference Tables